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This failed escape was reportedly planned by Marie Antoinette. 393 talking about this. Mai 1774 an Königin von Frankreich und Navarra, nach der Französischen Revolution vom 4. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Popular hatred of the queen provided impetus for the storming of the Tuileries Palace and the overthrow of the monarchy on August 10, 1792. She was only 14 when her parents had her married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, for diplomatic purposes. Sie gab Unmengen für Mode und ausgefallene Frisuren aus, während die einfachen Franzosen immer ärmer wurden. The phrase was actually first seen in print in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Confessions," written before Marie Antoinette was queen. Königin von Frankreich und Navarra (1774–1793), die beim französischen Volk nicht zuletzt durch die legendäre „Halsbandaffäre“ (1785) äußerst unbeliebt war. After Mirabeau’s death in April 1791, the queen turned to émigrés and friends outside France for help. "Marie Antoinette Archiducesse Soeur de l'Empereur Reine de France.". In foreign policy the aim of the Feuillants was to persuade the émigrés to return and to prevent Emperor Leopold II (Marie-Antoinette’s brother) from being committed to a counterrevolutionary crusade against France. In 1774, when her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI, she became queen. In October 1789 popular pressure compelled the royal family to return from Versailles to Paris, where they became hostages of the Revolutionary movement. The scandal discredited the monarchy and encouraged the nobles to vigorously oppose (1787–88) all the financial reforms advocated by the king’s ministers. Her alleged remark “Let them eat cake” has been cited as showing her obliviousness to the poor conditions in which many of her subjects lived while she lived decadently, but she probably never said it. November 1755; Geburtsort: Wien, Österreich Gestorben am: 16. Marie Antoinette (geb. Marie Antoinette was born in Austria, the 15th of 16 children born to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. This was an important time in the history of the queen's prestige, since her extravagant expenses on her wardrobe created a great scandal in France. She never fully trusted Mirabeau, however, and the king refused to contemplate a civil war, which would have been the inevitable result of Mirabeau’s initial plans. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Han var datter af Frans 1. Sehr seltener original Kupferstich aus dem 18. After a crowd stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, the queen failed to convince Louis to take refuge with his army at Metz. The queen remained wary of Barnave and the Feuillants, and, although she acquiesced in the king’s acceptance of the constitution in September 1791, she warned Leopold II that she was not in favour of either their domestic or foreign policy. Her most intimate friend from this time onward was the princesse de Lamballe. Marie-Antoinette var en dronning af Frankrig. Her sister Maria Carolina was married to Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, for similar reasons. 281 talking about this. The role Marie Antoinette played in French governmental affairs, both domestic and foreign, was likely greatly exaggerated. In this scandal, she was accused of having an affair with a cardinal in order to obtain a costly diamond necklace. As with most royal daughters, Marie Antoinette was promised in marriage in order to build a diplomatic alliance between her birth family and the family of her husband. Lewis, Jone Johnson. In May 1790 the queen reached out to the comte de Mirabeau, a prominent member of the National Assembly who hoped to restore the authority of the crown. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. She was reviled by the French public for her lavish spending. Deutsch: Königin Marie Antoinette von Frankreich, 1775 English : Portrait of Queen Marie Antoinette of France, 1775. 160 von Breguet, Zeigerseite. Mai 1770 Dauphine von Frankreich. Marie-Antoinette, in full Marie-Antoinette-Josèphe-Jeanne d’Autriche-Lorraine (Austria-Lorraine), originally German Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen, (born November 2, 1755, Vienna, Austria—died October 16, 1793, Paris, France), Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Imprisoned with the king, Marie Antoinette continued to plot. Instead, she urged the necessity of an armed congress of the powers to negotiate from strength for the restoration of the royal authority. Because of Louis XVI’s indecisiveness, Marie-Antoinette played an increasingly prominent political role. Marie Antoinette was welcomed in France at first. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. Her second son, the future Louis XVII, was born in March 1785. She was particularly disappointing to her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor, for her inability to further Austrian interests in France. The French were also suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on King Louis XVI in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Louis XVI’s inability to consummate their marriage and the queen’s resultant childlessness in the 1770s inspired rivals—including the king’s own brothers, who stood to inherit the throne if she did not produce a legitimate heir—to circulate slanderous reports of her alleged extramarital affairs. The 1785–1786 Affair of the Diamond Necklace further discredited her and reflected poorly on the monarchy. She was born on the same day as the famous earthquake of Lisbon. This duplicity paralyzed the pacific policy of the Feuillants and did not dissuade the émigrés from their more aggressive designs for the restoration of the ancien régime. war sie vom 10. März 31, 2021 ... ob die Ehe je vollzogen worden war und entwickelte sich zur Staatsangelegenheit. (2020, August 26). November 1755 geboren . Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Marie-Antoinette, in full Marie-Antoinette-Josèphe-Jeanne d’Autriche-Lorraine (Austria-Lorraine), originally German Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen, (born November 2, 1755, Vienna, Austria—died October 16, 1793, Paris, France), Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Oktober 1793) war die Königin von Frankreich, die während der Französischen Revolution von einer Guillotine hingerichtet wurde. The family was imprisoned in the Temple on August 13, 1792, and moved to the Conciergerie on August 1, 1793. Lewis, Jone Johnson. In August–September, however, she successfully prodded him to resist the attempts of the Revolutionary National Assembly to abolish feudalism and restrict the royal prerogative. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von … von Frankreich, dieser wird 1793 hingerichtet, neun Monate später folgt ihm auch seine Frau, die Witwe Capet zum Schafott. Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich … Marie Antoinette war eine österreichisch-französische Adlige, Erzherzogin von Österreich und durch ihre Heirat mit Ludwig XVI. "Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution." Reconstruction of the necklace that was at the centre of the scandal known as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785). 20.11.2018 ... ob die Ehe je vollzogen worden war und entwickelte sich zur Staatsangelegenheit. She hoped for foreign intervention to end the revolution and free the royal family. These vilifications culminated in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785), in which the queen was unjustly accused of having formed an immoral relationship with a cardinal. Marie-Antoinette was queen of France from 1774 to 1793 and is associated with the decline of the French monarchy. Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. Popular hatred of Marie-Antoinette contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792 and to her and Louis XVI’s subsequent imprisonment. Corrections? This incident was all the more unfortunate for the queen’s reputation because, since the birth of her daughter Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte in December 1778 and of the dauphin Louis in October 1781, she led a quieter and more conventional life. The second part of the document is of note because it orders payment to "our tailor ordinaire." "— often translated as "Let them eat cake!" Marie Antoinette (née Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2 novembre 1755 - 16 octobre 1793) était la reine de France, exécutée par guillotine pendant la … Gemälde Miniaturmalerei bei eBay. Marie-Antoinettes impulsivitet og letsindighed skaffede hende mange fjender, og hun stødte hoffet fra sig ved at bryde den strenge etikette. Marie Antoinette, formerly welcomed, became vilified for her spending habits and her opposition to reforms. She urged her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, to intervene, and she supported a French declaration of war against Austria in April 1792, which she hoped would result in the defeat of France. By most accounts, she was a devoted mother. Paintings of the family stressed her domestic role. She was also unfortunate that the timid, uninspiring Louis proved to be an inattentive husband. Marie Antoinette - last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. During this time the queen had been deprived of the company of many of her most intimate friends, as they had emigrated after the fall of the Bastille, but she continued to display great personal courage that sustained the royal family both then and throughout its later disasters. After France declared war on Austria in April 1792, Marie-Antoinette’s continuing intrigues with the Austrians further enraged the French. Learn how likely it is that Marie-Antoinette uttered the famous phrase attributed to her. In more than one sense, Marie-Antoinette was a victim of circumstance. In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. Porträt Marie Antoinettes, vermutlich von Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier-Dagoty, um 1775 (Musée Antoine-Lécuyer, Saint-Quentin) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. She was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa of the Hapsburg Empire. Her charisma and lightness contrasted with the withdrawn and uninspiring personality of her husband. 1777 erhielt Marie Antoinette längeren Besuch von ihrem Bruder Kaiser Joseph II. This was because she was regarded, though without justification, as an associate of the reactionary coterie of the king’s brother Charles, comte d’Artois, and because of the aspersions cast on her character by the king’s cousin, Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d’Orléans. Louis XVI was executed on orders from the National Convention in January 1793, and in August the queen was put in solitary confinement in the Conciergerie. Lamballe refused to take an oath against the monarchy, and on September 3, 1792, she was delivered to the hands of a Parisian mob; they cut off her head and paraded it on a pike outside Marie-Antoinette’s windows. The role that she played in French internal and foreign policy between the accession of Louis XVI and the outbreak of the Revolution has probably been much exaggerated. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Name: Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, geboren als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich Geburtsdatum: 2. Though the queen had supported Jacques Necker’s return to power at the end of August 1788 and had approved of the concession of double representation to the Third Estate, her unpopularity was at its height when the Estates-General convened at Versailles in May 1789. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. Two years later, the attempted escape of the royal couple from Paris was stopped at Varennes on October 21, 1791. As a result, she became the main target of the popular agitators, whose animosity contributed to the legend that, on being told that the people had no bread, she callously remarked, “Let them eat cake!” (“Qu’ils mangent de la brioche!”). https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303 (accessed April 3, 2021). She spent lavishly, but her extravagance was only a minor cause of France’s growing debt in the 1770s and ’80s. Though the first seven years of her marriage were childless, she then bore a daughter, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte; two sons, Louis-Joseph and Louis-Charles (both of whom died young); and another daughter (who died in infancy). Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. They called for an escape to the interior of France and an appeal for royalist support in the provinces. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. After the Bastille was stormed on July 14, 1789, the queen urged the king to resist the Assembly's reforms, making her even more unpopular and leading to the unproven attribution to her of the remark, "Qu'ils mangent de la brioche! Uhren von LOUIS XVI stehen für Schweizer Qualität und einzigartiges Design. Her efforts, for example, to secure the return to power of Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, in 1774 were unsuccessful. It begins with a request for payment for the billeting of officers. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sep 19, 2017 - November 2, 1755 Vienna, Austria ♕ October 16, 1793 Paris, France . Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Learn about the things movies have gotten wrong about the life of Marie-Antoinette. Her rejection of reform and resistance to the French Revolution contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792. Porträt Marie Antoinettes, vermutlich von Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier-Dagoty, um 1775 (Musée Antoine-Lécuyer, Saint-Quentin) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. Tochter Maria Theresias und Königin von Frankreich (Wien 1755 - Paris 1793) »Wilde Gerüchte sind reizend und die unwürdigsten unter ihnen wurden mir zum Verhängnis. Sie galt als höchst unbeliebt beim französischen Volk. As queen, Marie-Antoinette was always unpopular. Das mit dem Kuchen habe ich nie gesagt – auch wenn ich zugeben muss, dass es gut erfunden war. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel! Barnave and the Lameth brothers were anxious to check the progress of republicanism and to bring the Revolution to a close, and they gathered like minds under the banner of the Club of the Feuillants. Marie antoinette the teenage queen was embraced by france in 1770. twenty three years later, she lost her head to the guillotine. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. Even her indulgence of the persistent requests of her favourites, such as Yolande de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, did not entail a great drain on the treasury. During the crises of 1789 as well as those to come, Marie-Antoinette proved to be stronger and more decisive than her husband. November 1755 - 16. In foreign policy, she encountered the opposition of both Louis XVI and Vergennes in her efforts to advance Austrian interests, and it is certain that her brother, Emperor Joseph II, was gravely disappointed at her lack of success. Marie-Antoinette was guillotined in 1793 after the Revolutionary Tribunal found her guilty of crimes against the state. From birth, she lived the life of wealthy royalty, educated by private tutors in music and languages. Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, and Marie Antoinette was executed by the guillotine on October 16 of that year. Stephan og Maria Theresia af Østrig, og blev i 1770 gift med Frankrigs kronprins, den senere Ludvig 16. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Marie Antoinette was born under the much less French-sounding name of Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Österreich-Lothringen in German-speaking Austria. Marie-Antoinette spent the remainder of her life in Parisian prisons. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Marie Antoinette wurde am 2. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770. M aria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen – better known as Marie-Antoinette – was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755, on the … Did Marie Antoinette say "Let Them Eat Cake"? It was with the assistance of the Swedish count Hans Axel von Fersen, French aristocrat Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, and royalist general François-Claude-Amour de Bouillé that the plans were laid for the flight of the royal family to Montmédy, on the eastern frontier. The fairy-tale Court of Versailles, presented through Marie-Antoinette by Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, takes us into a idyllic world. Marie-Antoinette was not, at that time, interested in politics except as a way of securing favours for her friends, and her political influence never exceeded that formerly wielded by the royal mistresses of Louis XV. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Da hängt der berühmteste Satz von Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna Erzherzogin von Österreich (1755-1793), guillotiniert als Witwe Capet, schier in … Nach der Thronbesteigung ihres Gatten als Ludwig XVI. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. Die französische Königin Marie Antoinette wurde in jungen Jahren nach Frankreich verheiratet. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Marie-Antoinette, mixed-method colour print on two sheets of paper by Jean-François Janinet, print after Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier d'Agoty, 1777; in the British Museum.

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